Study on the Strength of Stainless-Steel Fiber Rein-forcement Concrete

Abstract

Stainless steel fibers have been used as reinforcement in concrete for several decades. These fibers have excellent corro-sion resistance, high strength and ductility, and can improve the overall mechanical properties of concrete. The use of stainless steel fibers in concrete can improve the toughness, flexural strength, and impact resistance of the material, mak-ing it ideal for use in harsh environments or high-stress applications. This paper reviews the recent research on the use of stainless steel fibers in concrete, including the effects of fiber size, shape, and content on the mechanical properties of the material, as well as the potential benefits and limitations of using stainless steel fibers in concrete.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

A. General

Concrete is a widely used construction material that is known for its high compressive strength and durability. However, it is relatively weak in tension, which can limit its use in certain applications. To overcome this weakness, steel reinforcement has been traditionally used to improve the tensile strength of concrete. However, steel reinforcement is susceptible to corrosion, which can lead to structural failure over time. Stainless steel fibers have been introduced as an alternative to steel reinforcement, as they have excellent corrosion resistance and high strength. The use of stainless steel fibers in concrete can improve the toughness, flexural strength, and impact resistance of the material, making it ideal for use in harsh environments or high-stress applications. This paper will review the recent research on the use of stainless steel fibers in concrete, including the effects of fiber size, shape, and content on the mechanical properties of the material, as well as the potential benefits and limitations of using stainless steel fibers in concrete.

The Specific Objectives Were:

1. Increasing the strength and durability of the concrete structure: Stainless steel fibers can help to increase the tensile strength and toughness of the concrete, making it more resistant to cracking and failure.
2. Improving the crack resistance of the concrete structure: Stainless steel fibers can help to reduce the formation of cracks in the concrete by distributing the stress throughout the matrix, this can improve the overall durability of the concrete structure.
3. Improving the impact resistance of the concrete structure: The inclusion of stainless steel fibers can help to improve the impact resistance of the concrete structure, making it more resistant to sudden loads and shocks.
4. Improving the fire resistance of the concrete structure: Stainless steel fibers have a high melting point and can help to improve the fire resistance of the concrete structure.
5. Enhancing the aesthetic appeal of the concrete structure: Stainless steel fibers have a sleek and modern appearance, and using it as a reinforcement material can help to improve the visual appeal of the concrete structure.
6. Reducing the maintenance requirements of the concrete structure: Stainless steel is relatively low maintenance and can help to reduce the need for regular repairs and replacements.
7. Increasing the service life of the concrete structure: By incorporating stainless steel fibers, the structure can have a longer service life as stainless steel is more resistant to corrosion and other forms of degradation.
8. Improving the seismic resistance of the concrete structure: Stainless steel fibers can help to increase the overall strength and ductility of the concrete structure and make it more resistant to seismic forces.
9. Enhancing the sustainability of the concrete structure: Stainless steel is a recyclable material and can contribute to the overall sustainability of the concrete structure.

II. MATERIAL AND PROPERTIES

A. Material

The raw materials of casting are cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, water fly ash has been collected and the aggregate are cleared and preserved.

1. Cement

Cement acts as a binding agent for materials. Cement as applied in Civil Engineering Industry is produced by calcination at high temperature ranging from 1400 to 16000C. It is a mixture of calcareous, siliceous, aluminous substances and crushing the clinkers to a fine powder. Cement is the most expensive materials in concrete and it is available in different forms. When cement is mixed with water, a chemical reaction takes places as a result of which the cement paste sets and hardens to a stone mass. Depending upon the chemical compositions, setting and hardening properties, cement can be broadly divided into various categories.

a. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC): OPC is most important type of cement. The OPC was classified into three grades namely (i) 33 grades (IS: 269-1989), (ii) 43 grade (IS:8112-1989),(iii) 53 grade (IS:12269-1987).If the 28 days compressive strength is not less 33n/mm2 (Mpa), it is called 33 grade cement, if the strength is not less than 43 MPa, it is called 43 grade cement and if the strength is not less than 53 MPa, it is called 53 grade cement. IS: 10262-1982 has classified OPC grade wise from A to F depending upon the 28 days compressive strength.

Table 1: Cement Properties

2. Fine Aggregates

The material we have used as fine aggregate in this project is locally available river sand obtained from Yamuna river bed near Badarpur conforming to Grading zone II of IS: 387-1970. Clean and dry river sand available locally will be used. Sand passing through IS 4.75mm Sieve will be used for casting all the specimens. River sand (0.4.75mm is suitable for all concrete preparations and is used across all segments such as independent houses, builders RMC Plants, Concrete Batching Plants and Infrastructure Concrete works.

Table 2: Fine Aggregate Properties

3. Coarse Aggregates

The material whose particles are of size as are retained on I.S. Sieve No. 480 (4.75mm) is termed as coarse aggregate. The size of coarse aggregate depends upon the nature of work.

Table 3: Coarse Aggregate Properties

The coarse aggregate used in this experimental investigation are of 20mm, 10mm and 6mm sizes, crushed angular in shape. The aggregates are free from dust before used in the concrete.

4. Water

The water used was portable water that is clean and may not impair the strength or durability of the concrete and that is free of detrimental amounts of chlorides, acids, alkalis, salts, sugar and other organics or chemical substances that may adversely affect the concrete. Casting and curing of specimens were done with the portable water that is available in the college premises. Water to be used in the concrete work should have following properties:

a. It should be free from injurious amount of soils it should be free from injurious amount of acids, alkalis or other organic or inorganic impurities.

b. It should be free from iron, vegetable matter or any other types of substances, which are likely to have adverse effect on concrete or reinforcement.

5. Stainless Steel Fibers

These fibers are used as the reinforcing material, They are added to the concrete mixture in the form of fibers, typically in lengths of about 30 mm to 60 mm. They provide tensile strength and improve the overall flexural strength and toughness of the concrete.

These fibers are typically made from type 304 or 316 stainless steel, which are known for their excellent corrosion resistance and high strength. They are typically added to concrete at a rate of 0.5-2% by volume.

Table 5:Basic Properties of stainless steel fiber

III. SCOPE OF FUTURE STUDY

The scope of study for a stainless steel fiber reinforced concrete (SSFRC) project can encompass various aspects of the material, including its properties, performance, and behavior under different loading conditions. A study may focus on the design and optimization of the SSFRC mix, the evaluation of its mechanical properties, such as strength, toughness, and ductility, or the assessment of its durability and fire resistance.

The future study for SSFRC can include the development of new and improved mix designs, the use of advanced testing and characterization techniques, and the investigation of the material's behavior under extreme loading conditions such as high temperatures or seismic loading. Additionally, research can be conducted on the use of SSFRC in new applications, such as in offshore structures, underground structures, and in sustainable building design.

In addition to the above, research on the durability of SSFRC under harsh environmental conditions, such as exposure to chemicals and corrosion, can be of great importance. The use of SSFRC in the construction of infrastructure projects, such as bridges and highways, can be also a promising area for future research.

Overall, the study of SSFRC is an active and rapidly evolving field, with many potential areas for future research.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2023 T. Bragadeeswaran, S. Naveenprasath. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.